1189 Siege of Acre: Crusaders defeat an Ayyubid assault

1636 Battle of Wittsok: The Swedes defeat the Imperialists

1674 Battle of Enzheim: The French defeat the Imperialists

1693 Battle of Marsiglia: The French defeat the Savoyards

1775 Continental Army Chief Surgeon Benjamin Church convicted of espionage

1777 Battle of Germantown: Washington almost wins

1821 First USN squadron sails for anti-slavery patrol off Africa

1824 Emperor Agustin Iturbide overthrown, as Mexico becomes a republic

1830 Belgian Provisional Government secedes from the Netherlands

1861 Combat at Buffalo Hill, Ky

1862 Battle of Corinth ends (from Oct 3)

1910 Portugal becomes a republic, as King Manuel II flees to England

1918 Sayville, NJ: Explosion at the T.A. Gillespie Shell Loading Plant, over 100 die

1939 Last Polish troops surrender to the Germans

1940 Hitler and Mussolini confer at the Brenner Pass

1942 USS 'Greenling' (SS-213) sinks 'Setsuyo Maru' east of Tokyo: Since Dec 7, '41 Japan has lost 700,000 grt of merchant shipping

1943 Corsica liberated by Free French troops

1944 Aircraft off USS 'Ranger' (CV-4) raid German bases in Norway, sink or damage 8 ships

1957 USSR orbits Sputnik I - the "Space Race" begins

1962 USAF Maj Robert A Rushworth takes X-15 to 32,300 m