939 Edmund I (c. 17) succeeds his half-brother Athelstan as King of England (939-946)

1500 Pesaro surrenders to Cesare Borgia

1644 Second Battle of Newbury: An indecisive clash between English Parliamentarians and Royalists

1787 Publication of "The Federalist Papers" begins

1795 Treaty of San Lorenzo: US & Spain arrange navigation rights on the Mississippi

1810 U.S. annexes West Florida from Spain

1830 Belgian Revolution: Dutch bombard Antwerp

1848 Battle of Mestre: The Venetians defeat the Austrians

1861 Skirmish at Plattsburg, Mo

1861 Skirmish at Spring Hill, Mo

1864 Battle of Boydton Plank Road/Burgess' Mill/Southside Railroad, Va

1864 Battle of Fair Oaks, Va

1864 Lt William Cushing, USN, sinks CSS 'Albemarle' with a spar torpedo

1867 Garibaldi attempts a march on Rome

1914 British battleship 'Audacious' sunk by a mine, no casualties

1916 Battle of Segale: adherents of Emperor Iyasu V of Ethiopia are defeated by those of the Empress Zewditu, who succeeds him.

1941 Nazis establish a gypsy ghetto in Belgrade

1942 Battle of the Santa Cruz Is: USS 'Hornet' (CV-8) sinks

1943 Marine 2nd Parachute Bn lands amphibiously on Choiseul

1943 N.Z. 8th Bde occupies Mono and Stirling, Treasury Is

1945 Ticker tape parade on Broadway for President Harry S Truman.

1948 Negev: Israel recaptures Nizzanim from the Egyptians

1954 Benjamin O. Davis, Jr. becomes the first black general in USAF

1961 Ticker Tape Parade on Broadway for the shipbuilders and crew of the USS 'Constellation' (CV-64), last warship built in New York

1962 Cuban Missile Crisis: The Soviets blink

1978 Menachem Begin & Anwar Sadat awarded the Nobel Peace Prize