42 BC Second Battle of Philippi: Marc Antony defeated Brutus

12 Triumph of Tiberius for his victories in Pannonia and Dalmatia

1086 Battle of az-Zallaqahwas/Zalaqa/Sagrajas/Zalaca (Extremadura): Yusuf ibn Tashfin & Abbad III al-Mu'tamid defeat Alfonso VI of Castille

1157 Battle of Grathe Heath: Valdemar I of Denmark defeats Sweyn III

1448 Battle of Gretna/the River Sark: Earl Hugh Douglas of Ormonde defeats the Earl of Northumberland

1502 Niccolo Machiavelli & Cesare Borgia conferred about the latter's treacherous lieutenants

1641 Irish Rebellion: Despite the arrest of their principal leaders the night before, Irish Catholic patriots revolt against English domination, leading to widespread massacres of Catholics by Protestants

1642 Edgehill, first battle of the English Civil War

1679 Protestant-inspired "Meal Tub Plot" against the Duke of York (later James II of England) is revealed

1702 Battle of Vigo Bay: George Rooke's Anglo-Dutch squadron annihilated François de Château Renault's Franco-Spanish one, leading to legends of lost treasure

1739 "War of Jenkins's Ear": England declared war on Spain (1739-1748, having merged into the War of the Austrian Succession)

1775 Congress bars blacks from the Continental Army, but the measure is generally ignored

1790 slave revolt in Haiti

1861 Combat at West Liberty, Ky

1864 Battle of Westport: Samuel Curtis' Yanks defeated Sterling Price's Rebs near Kansas City

1865 Damaged by Haitian coast artillery, paddle sloop HMS 'Bulwark' was scuttled - the only British warship lost to hostile action between 1856 and 1914

1912 First Balkan War -- Battle of Kumanovo: The Serbs crush the Ottomans in northern Macedonia

1942 Guadalcanal: Battle of Edson's Ridge - Japanese assault broken

1942 The British Eighth Army opens the Alamein offensive, during which the fictional Count Vincenzo Torlato-Favrini is wounded

1944 Battle of Leyte Gulf begins, as US submarines 'Dace' (SS 247) & 'Darter' (SS 227), torpedo three Japanese heavy cruisers, sinking 'Atago' & 'Maya'

1956 Hungarian Revolution begins (crushed by the Soviets by 4 November)

1957 Test firing of the Vanguard satellite launch vehicle TV-3

1962 USAF Major Robert A Rushworth takes X-15 to 40,800 meters

1983 Beirut Barracks Bombing: 241 US & 58 French military peacekeepers, and 6 civilians died when two Islamic Jihad members detonated a truck bomb

1989 "Velvet Revolution" in Hungary ousts the Communist regime