625 Battle of Uhud: The Quraish defeat the Moslems

752 Election of Pope Stephen II (23-26 Mar 752)

1026 German King Conrad II declares himself King of Italy

1153 Treaty of Konstanz between Frederik I Barbarossa & Pope Eugene III

1208 Pope Innocent III excommunicates King John and lays England under interdict until the Crown restores ecclesiastical rights

1568 Peace of Longjumeau: ends French Second War of Religion (1567-1568)

1603 Emperor Go-Yozei declares Tokugawa Ieyasu Shogun of Japan (1603-1616), establishing the Tokugawa Shogunate that would rule until 1868

1630 French capture Pinerolo, Piedmont

1657 France and England concluded an alliance against Spain

1775 Patrick Henry says ". . . give me liberty or give me death!"

1801 Accession of Tsar Alexander I of Russia (1801-1852)

1806 French defeat Fra Diavolo at Santa Oliva, near Itri

1806 Lewis & Clark reach the Pacific Coast

1808 Napoleon makes his brother Joseph King of Spain

1815 USS 'Hornet' captures HMS 'Penguin' in just 22 minutes, though the War of 1812 has been over for more than three months

1849 Battle of Novara: Austrians defeat the Piedmontese

1849 Brescians begin a 10-day uprising against the Austrians (fails, Apr 1)

1862 Battle of Kernstown, Va: Jackson begins his Valley Campaign

1864 Skirmish at Camden, Arkansas

1865 First black troops muster into the Confederate Army, c. 200 men at Richmond

1871 The training vessel HMS 'Eurydice" founders in a storm off the Isle of Wight, two of her 319 crew and trainees survive.

1879 Battle of Calama: Chileans defeat the Bolivians

1882 USN establishes the Office of Naval Intelligence

1901 Brig Gen Frederick Funston personally captures Emilio Aguinaldo

1903 The Wright Brothers receive a patent for their airplane

1915 British form the Zion Mule Corps

1918 Lithuania proclaims independence from Russia

1918 Paris is shelled by German very-long range artillery

1918 The Union League Club of New York presents colors to the 367th Infantry, the city's s black draftee regiment, as it prepares to ship out for France

1919 Benito Mussolini founds the Fascist Party, Milan

1933 The Reichstag grants Hitler dictatorial powers

1934 Congress establishes the Commonwealth of the Philippines and authorizes a transition to independence in 1946

1942 Andaman Is: Japanese 18th Div occupies Port Blair

1942 Lublin, Poland: 2,500 Jews massacred by the Germans

1944 RAF Flight Sergeant Nicholas Alkemade survives a 5,500 m fall without a parachute after his Lancaster is hit near Berlin

1945 Admiral Sir Bruce Fraser newly formed "British Pacific Fleet" joins the USN in the Central Pacific as TF 37/57

1956 Pakistan is proclaimed the Islamic Republic within the Commonwealth

1956 Sudan becomes independent of Anglo-Egyptian control

1957 US army sells its last homing pigeons

1965 Gemini 3 launched, first US 2-man space flight (Grissom & Young)

2003 USMC Task Force Tarawa captures An Nasiriyah after a hot fight.