635 Arabs capture Pella (Tabaqat Fahl, Jordan) from the Byzantines

971 Battle of Shao: The Southern Han, with a corps of war elephants, are defeated by Song crossbowmen

1565 Battle of Talkota: The Moslem Deccans defeat the Hindu Vijayanagar

1640 Accession of King Garcia II of Kongo (1640-1661)

1643 Sir Thomas Fairfax's Parliamentarians take Leeds from the Royalists

1668 England, Netherlands, & Sweden sign the 'Triple Alliance' against France

1781 The 74 gun ship-of-the-line HMS 'Culloden' grounds in a storm on Montauk Point, Long I., NY, and is a constructive total loss, but there are no casualties

1790 Pitcairn's Is: the Mutineers burn HMS 'Bounty'

1793 Prussia & Russia effect the Second Partition of Poland

1865 Battle of Fort Brady/Trent's Reach, Va: Confederate ironclads begin a two-day bombardment of Union lines on the James River, withdrawing on the 25th

1870 The "Marias Massacre": 173 Blackfoot (140 women & children) killed by US Army in Montana

1900 Battle of Spion Kop: Boers defeat the British; Winston Churchill & Mohandas Gandhi are both present but do not meet

1904 Great Fire of Ålesund, Norway: 10,000 people left homeless, though only one death

1913 Coup by Enver Pasha restores the Young Turks to power in Constantinople, pledged to renew the Balkan War

1920 The Netherlands refuses to turn over ex-Kaiser Wilhelm II to the Allies

1928 "Adventures of Good Soldier Schveik" premiers in Berlin

1932 El Salvador's army kills 4,000 protesting farmers

1937 Stalin's first "Purge Trial": Karl Radek & 16 others tried & shot.

1940 Ignace Paderewski named premier of the Polish govt-in-exile

1941 Charles Lindbergh advises Congress to conclude a non-aggression pact with Hitler, who has already violated about a dozen treaties

1942 Bataan: Japanese land in the rear at Quinauan and Longoskayan Points, as Fil-Am troops fall back from the mainline

1942 Burma: Japanese cross the Sittang River, as 17th Ind Div collapses

1942 Malaya: another Indian brigade arrives at Singapore, as the Johore line crumbles

1942 Battle of Balikpapan: Nocturnal U.S DD and Dutch sub attack on Japanese shipping, six transport ships sunk

1943 British Eighth Army captures Tripoli

1943 Casablanca Conference: FDR & Churchill agree on the "unconditional surrender" of the Axis.

1943 Guadalcanal: the CAM Div overruns Kokumbona, as the USN bombards Japanese positions

1944 Burma: Americans insist Chinese commit their strategic reserve

1958 Venezuelan Dictator/President Marcos Perez Jiménez (1952-1958) flees

1960 Bathyscaph 'Trieste' reaches the bottom of the Marianas Trench, the deepest place in the ocean, at 10.91 km/6.78 mi1

962 Kim Philby, long-term spy in Britain, defects to the USSR

1968 North Koreans capture USS 'Pueblo' & 83 crew in the East Sea/Sea of Japan