1096 The Seljuks invest Xerigordon [Nicaea], which falls on the 29th
1435 Peace of Arras: the Burgundians accept Charles VII as King of France
1451 Cardinal Nicholas of Cusa orders Jews of Holland to wear a distinctive badge
1499 Peace of Basel: The Hapsburgs recognize the autonomy of Switzerland
1529 Austrians drive the Turks from the Gates of Vienna
1589 Battle of Arques: French Huguenots defeat the Catholics
1745 Battle of Prestonpans: Jacobites defeat the Hanoverians in ten minutes
1776 Great Fire of New York: five days after the British occupied the city perhaps a quarter of it burns
1780 Benedict Arnold gives British Major John Andre the plans to West Point
1792 French National Convention abolishes the monarchy
1797 The crew of HMS 'Hermione' mutiny overnight, murdering the brutal Capt. Hugh Pigot and nine officers, and defect to the Spanish
1821 Costa Rica, Honduras, Guatemala, & El Salvador declare independence of Spain
1856 Queen Victoria confers with Clara Barton at Balmoral
1858 US Sloop-of-War 'Niagara' carries Black freedmen from Charleston, bound for Liberia
1860 Battle of Balikiao: Anglo-French troops defeat the Chinese
1861 Combat at Pappinsville, Mo
1863 Union forces retreat to Chattanooga after defeat at Chickamauga
1872 James H. Conyers becomes the first black USNA cadet
1896 Lord Kitchener captures Dongala from the Mahdists
1913 Turkey & Bulgaria sign a peace treaty in Constantinople, ending the Second Balkan War
1940 Initial D-Day for 'Operation Sealion' - Hitler's invasion of Britain
1942 Burma: Commonwealth offensive in the Arakan.
1942 Maiden flight of the B-29
1942 Nazis execute 116 hostages in Paris
1943 Aussie raiders in 6 canoes sink two ships with mines in Singapore.
1944 Last British paratroopers holding the bridge at Arnhem surrender
1944 Luzon: airstrikes from 12 TF 38 carriers against Japanese targets.
1949 Federal Republic of Germany established
1949 People's Republic of China proclaimed
1950 George C. Marshall becomes Secretary of Defense
1957 Olav V assumes the throne of Norway (1957-1991)
1964 Malta, G.C., gains independence from Britain
1972 Pres Ferdinand Marcos imposes martial law in the Philippines
