1483 Battle of the Ponte di Crevola: The Milanese defeat the Swiss

1506 Pope Julius II lays the first stone of the new St. Peter's Basilica

1644 Thousands of Pamunky and allied Indians raid the Virginia Colony, killing c. 500 settlers, initiating the 32-months' long Second Tidewater War, in which the colonist's triumph

1676 Sudbury, Mass., attacked by Indians

1775 Paul Revere, Samuel Prescott, & William Dawes take a little ride

1804 President Jefferson welcomes Alexander von Humboldt to the White House, initiating a week-long visit punctuated by lengthy philosophical, geographic, and scientific discussions

1861 Baltimore mob attacks the 27th Pennsylvania, several injured

1861 Col R E Lee may have been offered and refused a major command in the U.S. Army

1861 Confederates capture Harpers Ferry arsenal

1862 Farragut's fleet bombards Fts Jackson & St. Philip, below New Orleans

1864 Battle of Poison Springs, Ark

1912 Regia Marina Capt. Enrico Millo leads a nocturnal torpedo boat raid into the Dardanelles.

1923 Poland annexes Central Lithuania

1934 The U.S. Army discontinued issuing sabers for combat by the cavalry.

1942 Burma: Chinese 55th Div collapses, breaking Allied front

1942 Doolittle Raid: 16 B-25Bs off the USS 'Hornet' (CV 8) strike Tokyo and other targets

1942 World War II edition of "Stars & Stripes" begins publication in England

1945c. 1000 Allied bombers raid Helgoland, in the North Sea, 128 die

1946 The League of Nations is officially dissolved

1954 Egypt: Nasser seizes power as premier

1956 Egypt & Israel agree to a ceasefire

1983 Beirut: Suicide bomber attacks the US Embassy, 63 die