533 Belisarius captures Carthage from the Vandals

1080 Battle of Saale: Rudolf of Swabia defeats Henry IV of Germany

1575 Battle of Dormans: French Catholics defeat the Huguenots

1582 In Catholic countries which have adopted the Gregorian Calendar, this is the day following Oct 6, 1582

1655 Massacre of the Jews of Lublin, Poland

1764 Sitting in the ruins of the Forum, Edward Gibbon decides to write "The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire"

1815 Congress rejects a proposal to relocate the nation's capital from Washington, recently captured and burned by the British, further west.

1860 Grace Bedell, 11, suggests candidate Lincoln grow a beard

1861 Combat at Potosi/Big River Bridge, Mo

1914 Montenegro declares war on Bulgaria

1917 USS 'Cassin' (DD-43) torpedoed by German 'U-61' off Ireland.

1935 Germany activates three panzer divisions.

1936 Benito Mussolini (53) and Clara Petacci (24) become lovers

1938 Hitler's propagandist Josef Goebbels may have attempted suicide when Hitler refuses him permission to divorce his wife in order to marry an actress

1940 Chaplin's "The Great Dictator" opens in New York.

1940 Italian sub 'Enrico Toti' sinks sub HMS 'Triad' in a gunfight off Libya

1941 Hideki Tojo becomes prime minister of Japan (resigns, July 22, 1944)

1942 Japanese cruisers again shell Henderson Field, as 6 transports beach, to land reinforcements

1942 Japanese aircraft off 'Zuikaku' sink the USS 'Meredith' (DD 434) off San Cristobal.

1943 British Adm. Sir Andrew Cunningham is appointed First Sea Lord of the Admiralty and Chief of the Naval Staff (1943-1946)

1944 Peleliu secured: Japanese KIA c. 12,000, US over 1,200.

1944 Pro-Nazi coup in Hungary ousts Horthy government