989 Battle of Abydos: Byzantine Emperor Basil II defeats usurper Bardas Phocas

1055 Count Gebhard of Calw, Tollenstein, & Hirschberg is enthroned as Pope Victor II (1055-1057)

1111 Pope Paschal II belatedly crowns Holy Roman Emperor Henry II (1106-1125)

1241 Battle of the Theiss: The Mongols defeat King Béla IV of Hungary

1471 The Battle of Leicester: King Edward IV defeats the Lancastrians

1486 Accession of Ahuitzotl as Emperor of the Aztecs (1486-1502)

1517 Turks capture Cairo from the Mamlukes

1631 Gustavus Adolphus captures Frankfurt

1759 Battle of Bergen: The French defeat a combined British, Hanoverian, Hessian, & Brunswick force in central Germany

1788 NYC "Doctors' Riot": Irate citizens attack Columbia medical school protesting corpse stealing

1796 Battle of Millesimo: Bonaparte defeats the Austrians

1863 Battle of Irish Bend/Ft Bisland, La

1865 Battle of Raleigh, NC

1868 British troops occupy Magdala, Abyssinia

1870 Col. Luigi di Cesnola, U.S.V., named 1st director of the Metropolitan Museum of Art

1873 Colfax Massacre: Louisiana White Leaguers & Kluxers kill c. 110 black Americans

1904 Battle of Oviumbo: The Herero defeat the Germans

1906 Mutiny protesting brutal discipline in the Portuguese warships 'Dom Carlos' & 'Vasco da Gama'

1906 Turret explosion in USS 'Kearsarge' (BB-5): 10 killed, 4 injured

1919 The Amritsar Massacre: British troops fire on Sikh demonstrators, hundreds die

1928 An explosion in a garage under the Bond Hall in West Plains, Mo, kills 39 young people at a dance; the case remains unsolved

1940 Second Battle of Narvik: Royal Navy BB 'Warspite' & destroyers sink eight German destroyers

1941 Heavy German attack on Tobruk

1941 Russo-Japan non-aggression pact goes into effect

1942 Burma: the British Burma Corps breaks.

1942 VAdm Robert L. Ghormley named Commander, South Pacific Area

1943 Katyn: Nazis find graves of 13,000 Polish officers killed by Soviets

1944 India: Heavy fighting on the Imphal-Kohima front.

1945 Soviets capture Vienna

1960 France becomes 4th nuclear power, with an A-test in the Sahara

1975 Military coup in Chad

2013 Boston Marathon Bombings: Two self-proclaimed Jihadis set off two bombs, 3 die, c. 265 injured