421 BC Peace of Nikias: Initiates a ten-year truce in the Peloponnesian War (431-421, 415-404 BC)

411 Consecration of Pope Adeodatus (aka Deusdedit II) (672-676), later canonized

1241 Battle of the Sajo River, Day 2: The Mongols crush the Hungarians

1471 Wars of the Roses: King Edward IV of England captures London from Henry VI

1512 Battle of Ravenna: Bloody French victory over the Spanish

1534 Ambush of San Andrea: The Itrani rout Khairaidin Barbarossa's Arab raiders as they advance south on the Via Appia

1713 Treaty of Utrecht: Ends War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713)

1814 Napoleon's first abdication

1822 Turks massacre Greeks on Chios

1856 Second Battle of Rivas: Costa Ricans defeat William Walker's invading Mercs & Nicaraguans

1862 Confederates surrender Ft Pulaski, Georgia

1863 Battle of Suffolk, VA

1865 Confederates evacuate Mobile

1865 Lincoln urges national reconciliation.

1895 Jose Marti & Maximo Gomez land at Plaitas, Cuba, to initiate an uprising against Spain.

1898 Pres McKinley asks for Declaration of War against Spain

1899 Treaty of Paris: Spain cedes Puerto Rico, Philippines, Guam to the US

1900 USN accepts its first submarine, the USS 'Holland', originally designed for the Fenians

1925 Morocco: Abd el-Krim's Riffian forces defeat the French

1927 Chile: Gen Carlos Ibañez declares himself president (1927-1931)

1933 Hermann Goring becomes minister-president of Prussia

1935 The Stresa Conference: Britain, France, & Italy confer on what to do about Hitler, but when Mussolini calls for forceful action, his proposal is rejected

1939 Hungary leaves the League of Nations

1941 Germans "Coventryize" Coventry, England

1942 Burma: Japanese begin a major offensive against the British.

1942 Cebu: Japanese rapidly overrun settled areas.

1942 American merchant mariners are authorized to receive the DSM

1943 New Guinea: Japanese a/c from Rabaul raid Oro Bay

1944 Marlene Dietrich's USO show premiers in the Algiers Opera House, first of a series of performances that numbered as many as three a day, almost every day, until shortly after the end of the war.

1944 Philippines: USS 'Redfin" (SS-272) sinks Japanese DD 'Akigumo' off Zamboanga

1944 RAF bombs census bureau in The Hague

1951 Harry S Truman fires Gen Douglas McArthur

1953 Former Chief WAC Oveta Culp Hobby becomes the first Secretary of HEW

1956 France sends 200,000 reservists to Algeria

1957 Ryan X-13 Vertijet becomes 1st jet to take-off & land vertically

1961 Trial of Adolf Eichman begins in Israel

1979 Tanzanian troops take Kampala, ending Idi Amin's regime in Uganda